To summarize enforcement experience in the field of agricultural machinery safety production and promote the approach of "using cases to warn and using cases to drive reform," we selected cases with typical significance and guiding value from those recommended by the agriculture and rural affairs departments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities directly under the Central Government for 2025. The second batch of 5 cases is hereby released for all localities to study and learn from.

Case 1: The Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Team of Fenghua District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province Investigates and Handles the Case of Wu某某 Operating a Combine Harvester Without a License

(1) Basic Facts On November 19, 2025, the Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Team of Fenghua District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, together with the Ningbo Municipal Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Team, carried out an enforcement inspection. In farmland in Miaohou Zhou Village, Xiwu Street, they found that the party involved, Wu某某, was operating a crawler-type combine harvester with plate number Zhe 02****3 for field operations. Law enforcement officers asked Wu某某 to present a combine harvester operator's license, but he could not provide a valid document. Investigation and evidence collection confirmed that Wu某某 obtained a tractor operator's license on July 12, 2013, with permitted vehicle type codes G2, K2, and R, valid until July 11, 2019. After the validity period expired, he did not apply for renewal, resulting in the license becoming invalid and being canceled. In addition, the crawler-type combine harvester he operated, with permitted vehicle type code S, did not match the permitted vehicle type on his license. Wu某某 operated a combine harvester without obtaining an operation certificate, and the illegal facts were clear with conclusive evidence.

(2) Handling Result The Agricultural Administrative Law Enforcement Team of Fenghua District, Ningbo City, ordered the party involved, Wu某某, to correct his conduct in accordance with the law, required him to stop operating the combine harvester, and imposed a fine of 200 yuan.

(3) Applicable Laws and Regulations 1. Article 22, Paragraph 2 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "The operation certificate for tractors and combine harvesters is valid for 6 years; upon expiration, tractor and combine harvester operators may apply to the original issuing authority for renewal. Persons under 18 years of age may not operate tractors or combine harvesters. Where an operator reaches 70 years of age, the agricultural mechanization department of the county-level people's government shall cancel his or her operation certificate." 2. Article 52 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Anyone who operates a tractor or combine harvester without obtaining a tractor or combine harvester operation certificate shall be ordered to correct by the agricultural mechanization department of the local people's government at or above the county level and shall be fined not less than 100 yuan but not more than 500 yuan." 3. The Zhejiang Province Agricultural Administrative Penalty Discretion Benchmark (2023 Edition), Zhe Nong Fa Fa [2023] No. 12, Agricultural Machinery: Item 4, provides that anyone who operates a tractor or combine harvester without obtaining a tractor or combine harvester operation certificate shall be fined not less than 100 yuan but not more than 200 yuan.

(4) Case Analysis The party's operation of a combine harvester without a valid certificate in this case exposed problems such as weak legal awareness and insufficient safety production awareness among some agricultural machinery operators. By strengthening enforcement patrols in daily work, law enforcement officers, on the one hand, promptly ordered rectification for persons whose licenses had expired for less than one year without renewal and investigated and handled according to law those whose licenses had expired for more than one year without renewal; on the other hand, they focused on verifying drivers' permitted vehicle types and strengthened publicity, education, and enforcement supervision of illegal acts such as operating with a mismatched permitted vehicle type or without a license. This can effectively eliminate hidden dangers in agricultural machinery operations and ensure agricultural machinery safety production.

Case 2: The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pucheng County, Nanping City, Fujian Province Investigates and Handles the Case of Chen某某 Driving Agricultural Machinery While Intoxicated

(1) Basic Facts On April 29, 2025, the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pucheng County, Nanping City, Fujian Province, received a Traffic Violation Transfer Letter from the Traffic Police Brigade of the Pucheng County Public Security Bureau, reporting that Chen某某, at around 15:00 on April 20, 2025, drove a self-propelled crawler rotary tiller and had an accident with a white sedan on the section of Huangtan Bridge on the road from Liyang Village toward Zhongxin Town. Traffic police conducted an on-site breath alcohol test on Chen某某, and his alcohol content was 130 mg/100 ml. According to the Judicial Appraisal Opinion of the Fujian Wuyi Judicial Appraisal Institute, Wuyi Judicial Appraisal Institute [2025] Alcohol Appraisal No. 697, Chen某某 was in a state of intoxication while driving the self-propelled crawler rotary tiller. After investigation and evidence collection, it was verified that Chen某某 drank alcohol at around 11:00 on April 20 and then drove the self-propelled crawler rotary tiller to township roads for transfer operations. His conduct violated the provisions of the Fujian Province Agricultural Machinery Management Regulations and created a serious hidden danger to safety.

(2) Handling Result In view of the fact that when the case was transferred by the traffic management department, the party involved, Chen某某, had already sobered up, and the agricultural machinery he drove was not machinery subject to license and certificate management and did not require a driving operation certificate, the Pucheng County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau made an administrative penalty decision in accordance with the law imposing a fine of 500 yuan.

(3) Applicable Laws and Regulations 1. Article 17, Paragraph 1 of the Fujian Province Agricultural Machinery Management Regulations: "Agricultural machinery operators or drivers shall receive safety education, comply with agricultural machinery safety operation procedures, and shall not operate in violation of regulations. Self-propelled agricultural machinery shall not carry persons in violation of regulations, and drivers shall not drive after drinking alcohol." 2. Article 31, Paragraph 1 of the Fujian Province Agricultural Machinery Management Regulations: "Where a violation of Article 17, Paragraph 1 of these Regulations occurs on township or village roads outside roads and in fields or courtyards, the agricultural machinery management department shall, for carrying persons in violation of regulations, order correction, and if correction is refused, impose a fine of not less than 50 yuan but not more than 200 yuan; for driving after drinking alcohol, give a warning and may impose a fine of not less than 100 yuan but not more than 300 yuan; for driving while intoxicated, restrain the intoxicated person from driving until sober, temporarily suspend the driver's license for not less than 30 days but not more than 60 days, and impose a fine of not less than 300 yuan but not more than 500 yuan." 3. The Fujian Province Agricultural Administrative Penalty Discretion Benchmark, Min Nong Zong [2020] No. 14, Sequence 182, "Agricultural machinery operators or drivers driving after drinking alcohol": for driving agricultural machinery while intoxicated, restrain the intoxicated person from driving until sober, temporarily suspend the driver's license for not less than 30 days but not more than 60 days, and impose a fine of not less than 300 yuan but not more than 500 yuan.

(4) Case Analysis In this case, the party involved drove agricultural machinery while intoxicated. This conduct seriously disregarded safety regulations, showed a strong mentality of taking chances, was highly likely to cause agricultural machinery accidents, and carried extremely high safety risks. In order to effectively curb such dangerous driving behavior, agricultural law enforcement departments and public security traffic management departments established a close cooperation mechanism and strengthened the transfer of case clues and timely investigation and handling, which can form a strong deterrent and warning for agricultural machinery drivers. Agricultural mechanization authorities, in conjunction with key agricultural seasons such as spring plowing and autumn harvest, increased the breadth and depth of legal publicity, educated and guided farmers to raise safety prevention awareness through explaining the law with typical cases, resolutely eliminated illegal acts of driving agricultural machinery after drinking alcohol, and effectively built a strong defense line for agricultural safety production.

Case 3: The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang City, Hubei Province, Together with the Public Security Bureau, Investigates and Handles the Case of Xiong某某 and Others Forging and Trading Agricultural Machinery License Plates and Driving Licenses

(1) Basic Facts On August 4, 2025, the Agricultural Machinery Squadron of the Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County, Yichang City, Hubei Province, received a notification from the Wufeng Town Police Station of the County Public Security Bureau: while handling a road traffic accident, it was discovered that the license plate and driving license of the agricultural machinery involved were suspected of being forged. The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County immediately activated the "police-agriculture linkage" mechanism and rushed to the accident scene to carry out a joint investigation. At the scene, it was initially determined that the agricultural machinery license plate and driving license involved were forged, and the Guizhou Provincial Agricultural Machinery Safety Supervision Station was contacted immediately to assist in the investigation, confirming that the documents were forged. Upon inquiry, the vehicle owner Xiong某某 confessed that he had contacted persons in other provinces through WeChat to purchase forged documents and had assisted multiple Wufeng-registered persons in purchasing fake agricultural machinery license plates and certificates. Based on clues provided by Xiong某某, on August 7, the Agricultural Comprehensive Law Enforcement Brigade of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County conducted door-to-door investigations of persons suspected of forging agricultural machinery license plates and driving licenses. Through verification, 25 sets of forged agricultural machinery license plates and driving licenses were confirmed, and law enforcement officers seized the fake plates and certificates on the spot. The county agricultural comprehensive law enforcement brigade conducted in-depth analysis of the case and preliminarily determined that there was a cross-regional illegal and criminal chain suspected of forging and trading agricultural machinery license plates and driving licenses. In view of the seriousness of the case, the county agricultural comprehensive law enforcement brigade immediately held consultations and analysis with the county public security bureau and decided that the county public security bureau would take the lead in filing and investigating the case. The county agricultural comprehensive law enforcement brigade and the county public security bureau established a joint special task force and traveled to Loudi in Hunan, Guilin in Guangxi, and other places, driving more than 7,000 kilometers and spending more than 5 months on investigation and evidence collection. With strong support from local public security and agricultural machinery departments, they uncovered an illegal and criminal chain spanning three provinces, using WeChat transactions and express delivery, suspected of forging and trading agricultural machinery license plates and driving licenses. A total of 5 criminal suspects were arrested, of whom 2 were arrested according to law and 3 were released on bail pending trial, completely destroying a cross-provincial criminal network for forging and trading agricultural machinery plates and certificates.

(2) Handling Result Based on Xiong某某's confession and the information he provided on persons who purchased fake agricultural machinery plates and certificates, law enforcement officers of the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County conducted door-to-door publicity of laws and regulations. The relevant personnel fully recognized the harm of the illegal acts and voluntarily handed over the forged plates and certificates they had purchased. On August 14, 2025, the county agriculture and rural affairs bureau transferred the previously seized fake agricultural machinery license plates and driving licenses, investigation materials, and clues to the Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County Public Security Bureau for filing and investigation. On January 8, 2026, the Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County Public Security Bureau concluded investigation in accordance with law into the case of Xiong某某 and others suspected of buying and selling documents of state organs and transferred it to the Wufeng Tujia Autonomous County People's Procuratorate for review and prosecution.

(3) Applicable Laws and Regulations 1. Article 25, Paragraph 3 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Traffic accidents involving agricultural machinery on roads shall be handled by the public security traffic management department in accordance with road traffic safety laws and regulations." 2. Article 3 of the Provisions on the Transfer of Suspected Criminal Cases by Administrative Law Enforcement Agencies: "Where, in the course of investigating and handling illegal acts according to law, an administrative law enforcement agency discovers that the amount involved, circumstances, consequences, and other aspects of the illegal facts, according to the provisions of the Criminal Law on crimes such as crimes against the order of the socialist market economy and crimes against social management order, judicial interpretations of the Supreme People's Court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate on such crimes, and provisions of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Public Security on prosecution standards for economic crime cases, are suspected of constituting a crime and criminal responsibility needs to be pursued according to law, it must transfer the case to the public security organ in accordance with these Provisions."

(4) Case Analysis License plates and driving licenses are the legal certificates for tractors to be put into use. Acts of forging, altering, buying, or selling such certificates not only disrupt the national certificate management order and are suspected of criminal offenses, but more easily lead to "sick" or unqualified tractors being illegally put into use, bringing great harm. Once an accident occurs, it may cause major casualties and property losses. Such illegal acts must be severely investigated and handled. In this case, by activating the "police-agriculture linkage" mechanism, a linked law enforcement model was formed featuring preliminary verification by agricultural machinery enforcement, criminal filing by public security, joint investigation by police and agriculture, and cross-regional coordination, effectively combating cross-regional and networked agricultural machinery illegal crimes. As the main force safeguarding agricultural machinery market order and agricultural machinery safety, agricultural law enforcement departments, in a market environment with increasingly developed information and logistics networks and in the face of new situations and tasks in agricultural machinery enforcement, must not only use agricultural machinery technical expertise to accurately identify fake plates and certificates, but also continuously deepen coordinated linkage with public security organs to jointly combat agricultural machinery illegal crimes.

Case 4: The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Investigates and Handles the Case of Peng某某 Operating a Tractor Without an Operation Certificate and Other Illegal Acts

(1) Basic Facts On December 4, 2025, when the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Pingnan County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and the Traffic Management Brigade of the Pingnan County Public Security Bureau carried out joint law enforcement, they found on the section of Dayou Village, Daxin Town, Pingnan County, that Peng某某 was driving a tractor with plate number Gui 09****0 fully loaded with timber. Investigation and evidence collection confirmed that Peng某某 had operated a tractor without obtaining a tractor operation certificate, drove a tractor that had not undergone safety technical inspection as required, and carried goods exceeding the approved load. It was also found that on June 6, 2025, Peng某某 had been subjected to an administrative penalty of a 600 yuan fine by the Pingnan County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau for the same illegal acts, namely operating a tractor without obtaining a tractor operation certificate, driving a tractor that had not undergone safety technical inspection as required, and carrying goods exceeding the approved load, but he did not correct his illegal acts. He committed the violations again this time.

(2) Handling Result The Pingnan County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau ordered the party involved, Peng某某, to immediately correct his illegal acts and imposed the following penalties: first, a fine of 400 yuan for operating a tractor without obtaining a tractor operation certificate; second, a fine of 400 yuan for operating a tractor that had not been inspected as required; third, a fine of 250 yuan for carrying goods exceeding the approved load stated in the driving license.

(3) Applicable Laws and Regulations 1. Article 52 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Anyone who operates a tractor or combine harvester without obtaining a tractor or combine harvester operation certificate shall be ordered to correct by the agricultural mechanization department of the local people's government at or above the county level and shall be fined not less than 100 yuan but not more than 500 yuan." 2. Article 53 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Where a tractor or combine harvester operator operates a tractor or combine harvester inconsistent with the operation certificate he or she holds, or operates a tractor or combine harvester that has not been registered or inspected as required or that fails inspection or has incomplete safety facilities or invalid parts, or operates a tractor or combine harvester after using state-controlled psychotropic drugs or narcotics, or operates a tractor or combine harvester while suffering from a disease that impedes safe operation, the agricultural mechanization department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall criticize and educate the violator and order correction; if correction is refused, a fine of not less than 100 yuan but not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed; if the circumstances are serious, the relevant person's operation certificate shall be revoked." 3. Article 34, Paragraph 2 of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Where a violation of Article 23, Paragraph 2 of these Regulations involves driving a tractor or a tiller of more than 2.2 kilowatts on rural roads other than graded highways for freight transport, and any of the following circumstances exists, the agricultural machinery supervision institution at or above the county level shall impose a fine of not less than 100 yuan but not more than 300 yuan: (1) carrying goods or persons exceeding the approved load or number of persons stated in the driving license; ..." 4. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Gui Nong Ting Gui [2023] No. 15, Chapter 5, "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Agricultural Machinery," Section 1, Item 5, "Operating a tractor or combine harvester without obtaining a tractor or combine harvester operation certificate": where there are two or more violations, or harmful consequences are caused, a fine of not less than 300 yuan but not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed. 5. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Gui Nong Ting Gui [2023] No. 15, Chapter 5, "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Agricultural Machinery," Section 1, Item 6, "Operating a tractor or combine harvester inconsistent with the operation certificate held by the person, or operating a tractor or combine harvester that has not been registered or inspected as required or that fails inspection or has incomplete safety facilities or invalid parts, and other acts": where there are two or more violations, or harmful consequences are caused, and correction is refused, a fine of not less than 300 yuan but not more than 500 yuan shall be imposed, and if the circumstances are serious, the relevant person's operation certificate shall also be revoked. 6. The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Gui Nong Ting Gui [2023] No. 15, Chapter 5, "Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Detailed Benchmark for Discretion in Agricultural Administrative Penalties, Agricultural Machinery," Section 1, Item 10, "Driving a tractor or a tiller of more than 2.2 kilowatts on rural roads other than graded highways for freight transport: where there are two or more violations, or serious harmful consequences are caused, a fine of not less than 200 yuan but not more than 300 yuan shall be imposed."

(4) Case Analysis The operator did not obtain a tractor driving license and lacked tractor operation qualifications; the tractor had not undergone safety technical inspection, so its safety technical condition could not be guaranteed; and overloading significantly increased the risks of tractor brake failure, parts damage, and rollover loss of control. The combination of these three illegal acts made agricultural machinery accidents highly likely and constituted a key target for agricultural machinery safety enforcement. In this case, the party had multiple illegal acts at the same time and repeated illegal acts. Increasing the penalty intensity according to law can not only form a strong punishment and deterrent against the party, prompting him to deeply understand the harm of illegality and voluntarily correct his illegal acts, but also convey a clear enforcement orientation to the broad body of agricultural machinery operators, demonstrate the enforcement department's severe attitude toward repeated violations and refusal to rectify, and effectively warn against and prevent similar illegal acts.

Case 5: The Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Luoping County, Yunnan Province Investigates and Handles the Case of an Agricultural Machinery Parts Business Department Modifying a Complete Agricultural Machinery Unit

(1) Basic Facts On July 30, 2025, the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Luoping County, Yunnan Province, received a report from the public alleging that an agricultural machinery parts business department in Luoping County had committed illegal acts. On the same day, the Luoping County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau organized law enforcement officers to conduct an on-site inspection of the business department. Investigation found that in agricultural machinery repair business activities, the party at the business department, at a customer's request, installed a trailer without a certificate of conformity onto a complete micro-cultivator to convert it into transport equipment, creating a serious hidden danger to safety. The micro-cultivator involved, which had a certificate of conformity, had a purchase price of 2,100 yuan, and the trailer without a certificate of conformity had a purchase price of 2,100 yuan, with the illegal business amount totaling 4,200 yuan. After modification, the customer had not yet taken delivery when law enforcement officers discovered it, and there was no illegal gain. Previously, law enforcement officers had visited the store and informed the agricultural machinery parts business department that modifying complete agricultural machinery units was prohibited. After signing to confirm, it still carried out the modification, showing subjective knowing violation.

(2) Handling Result Based on the relevant provisions of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery, the Luoping County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau ordered the party to immediately stop the illegal modification of the micro-cultivator, dismantle the modified micro-cultivator on its own, return the trailer without a certificate of conformity to the manufacturer, and imposed an administrative penalty decision of a 4,200 yuan fine according to law. At the same time, the Luoping County Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau transferred the illegal clue concerning the party's sale of agricultural machinery parts without a certificate of conformity, namely the trailer, to the Luoping County Market Supervision Administration for handling according to law.

(3) Applicable Laws and Regulations 1. Article 49 of the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Administration of Agricultural Machinery: "Where an agricultural machinery repair operator uses parts that do not conform to agricultural machinery safety technical standards to repair agricultural machinery, or assembles or modifies a complete agricultural machinery unit, or undertakes repair of agricultural machinery that has reached the scrapping condition, the agricultural mechanization department of the local people's government at or above the county level shall order correction, confiscate illegal gains, and impose a fine of not less than 1 time but not more than 2 times the illegal business amount; if correction is refused, a fine of not less than 2 times but not more than 5 times the illegal business amount shall be imposed." 2. The Yunnan Province Agricultural Administrative Penalty Discretion Benchmark (2023 Edition), Item 232, "Administrative penalty for using parts that do not conform to agricultural machinery safety technical standards to repair agricultural machinery, or assembling or modifying a complete agricultural machinery unit, or undertaking repair of agricultural machinery that has reached the scrapping condition": where it is a first violation and after being ordered to correct it still does not conform to provisions, or the loss caused is relatively small, or the social impact is relatively small, illegal gains shall be confiscated and a fine of not less than 1 time but not more than 2 times the illegal business amount shall be imposed.

(4) Case Analysis Illegal assembly and modification of complete agricultural machinery units affects the original safety technical performance of agricultural machinery, leads to unreasonable structure of agricultural machinery, and creates hidden safety dangers. This case investigated and handled according to law the illegal act of failing to conduct agricultural machinery repair as required, which is conducive to reducing from the source the flow into the market through repair channels of agricultural machinery products that do not meet national safety standards, strengthening joint supervision with market supervision departments over illegal business practices in agricultural machinery repair, and moving the threshold for prevention of agricultural machinery safety hazards forward. By explaining the law through the case and publicizing the harm of illegal assembly and modification of agricultural machinery, agricultural machinery repairers and operators are guided to refuse illegal assembly and modification and choose formal products, thereby reducing safety hazards, maintaining agricultural production order, and achieving the social effect of "investigating one case, warning a broad area, and regulating a sector."